Answer in brief
CVE-2026-0258 records a Medium severity (CVSS 4.8) vulnerability in PAN-OS: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in IKEv2 Certificate URL Fetching. The current sources do not mark it as known exploited. The current feed maps Palo Alto Networks/PAN-OS (generic), Siemens/RUGGEDCOM APE1808 (generic). Check affected ranges and fixed versions before updating.
Analysis pending evidence review
HOL Guard separates source facts from reviewed analysis. See the methodology.
CVSS is 4.8. The current sources do not mark it as known exploited. Treat this as a source-backed prioritization signal, not a statement about your environment.
Analysis status
Analysis pending evidence review
Factual feed record only; HOL analysis is not approved for indexing. Read the methodology.
The current feed maps Palo Alto Networks/PAN-OS (generic), Siemens/RUGGEDCOM APE1808 (generic). Check affected ranges and fixed versions before updating.
| Product | Affected versions | Fixed versions |
|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:h:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h11:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h13:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h14:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h17:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h18:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h21:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h27:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h30:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h31:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.10:h8:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h15:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h16:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h18:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.13:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.16:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.16:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.16:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.16:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.17:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.18:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.18:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.18:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h11:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h13:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h14:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h15:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h16:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h17:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h18:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h19:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h20:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h21:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h22:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h23:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h24:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h32:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h8:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.7:h9:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h21:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.10:h9:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.13:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.13:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.13:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.13:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.14:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h11:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h13:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h15:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h16:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h17:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h18:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h25:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h27:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h32:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h8:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.4:h9:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h14:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h17:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h18:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h19:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h20:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h21:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h22:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h23:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h25:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h29:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.6:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.7:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.7:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.1.7:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.10:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.10:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.10:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.10:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.10:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.10:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.11:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h11:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h14:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h15:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h5:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h6:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h8:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.4:h9:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h1:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h10:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h11:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h12:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h4:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h7:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:11.2.7:h8:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:12.1.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:12.1.4:h2:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:12.1.4:h3:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| cpe:2.3:o:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | Not reported | Not reported |
| Package | Affected range | Fixed version |
|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks/PAN-OSgeneric | >=12.1.0 <12.1.7 12.1.4-h5 || >=11.2.0 <11.2.12 11.2.10-h6 11.2.7-h13 11.2.4-h17 || >=11.1.0 <11.1.15 11.1.13-h5 11.1.10-h25 11.1.7-h6 11.1.6-h32 11.1.4-h33 || >=10.2.0 <10.2.18-h6 10.2.16-h7 10.2.13-h21 10.2.10-h36 10.2.7-h34 | 12.1.7, 12.1.4-h5, 11.2.12, 11.2.10-h6, 11.2.7-h13, 11.2.4-h17, 11.1.15, 11.1.13-h5, 11.1.10-h25, 11.1.7-h6, 11.1.6-h32, 11.1.4-h33, 10.2.18-h6, 10.2.16-h7, 10.2.13-h21, 10.2.10-h36, 10.2.7-h34, 12.1.7, 11.2.12, 11.1.15, 10.2.18-h6 |
| Siemens/RUGGEDCOM APE1808generic | >=0 <* | * |
Published upstream
May 13, 2026
Evidence: source:cvelist:source_dates:source-dates:recordSource modified
Oct 26, 2026
Evidence: source:cvelist:source_dates:source-dates:recordFirst seen by HOL
Aug 6, 2026
A server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the IKEv2 implementation of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software allows an unauthenticated attacker to cause the firewall to send network requests to unintended destinations or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. Panorama, Cloud NGFW and Prisma® Access are not impacted by these vulnerabilities.
Quoted source text, attributed separately from HOL analysis.